Abstract

Metabolic syndrome represents a clustering of metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, which collectively increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and Type- 2 diabetes mellitus. This review explores the pathophysiology underlying metabolic syndrome, focusing on the intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to its development. Diagnostic criteria and clinical manifestations are discussed, highlighting the importance of identifying and stratifying individuals at risk. Management strategies encompass lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and targeted interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk factors and improve long-term outcomes. Advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms and personalized approaches underscore the evolving landscape of metabolic syndrome management.