Abstract

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are critical tools for conserving marine biodiversity, restoring degraded ecosystems, and ensuring the sustainability of fisheries and other ocean-based industries. This study examines the role of MPAs in preserving marine ecosystems, focusing on their ecological, social, and economic benefits. MPAs contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing safe havens for vulnerable species, protecting critical habitats, and enhancing ecosystem resilience. They also play a vital role in supporting sustainable fisheries, boosting fish stocks through spillover effects and contributing to local economies through eco-tourism and recreation. However, the effectiveness of MPAs depends on factors such as proper design, enforcement, and stakeholder engagement. This research underscores the need for an integrated approach to MPA implementation, combining ecological science, socioeconomic considerations, and policy frameworks. By highlighting successful case studies and identifying challenges, this study provides valuable insights for optimizing MPAs to address global marine conservation goals.