Abstract

Marine pollution, a pressing global environmental issue, involves the introduction of harmful substances and contaminants into marine ecosystems. This article provides an overview of the various sources, types, and impacts of marine pollution, highlighting its detrimental effects on marine life, ecosystems, and human societies. The main sources of marine pollution include industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, shipping activities, and improper waste disposal. Key pollutants encompass plastic debris, oil spills, heavy metals, and chemical pollutants. The consequences of marine pollution are far-reaching, leading to habitat degradation, species loss, compromised fisheries, and threats to human health through the consumption of contaminated seafood. International efforts to address marine pollution include regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns aimed at mitigating pollution and restoring marine ecosystems to ensure their long-term sustainability.

Marine pollution is a pressing global concern that threatens the health of our oceans and the biodiversity they harbour. This paper provides an overview of the causes, impacts, and potential solutions to marine pollution. It examines various sources of pollution, including plastic waste, chemical contaminants, oil spills, and nutrient runoff, detailing their adverse effects on marine ecosystems, wildlife, and human populations. The paper also explores international regulations and initiatives aimed at mitigating marine pollution, such as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and the implementation of marine protected areas. Through comprehensive analysis and synthesis of existing literature, this paper underscores the urgent need for collective action to curb marine pollution and restore the vitality of our oceans for current and future generations.