Abstract

The marine microbiome, encompassing trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the world’s oceans, plays a pivotal role in maintaining ocean health and ecosystem stability. This article explores how marine microbiome analysis reveals the functions of bacteria, archaea, and microscopic eukaryotes in nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and supporting marine life. Through a review of advanced genomic and ecological studies, it assesses how these microbial communities respond to environmental stressors like pollution and climate change. Findings indicate that microorganisms are both architects and sentinels of ocean ecosystems, with disruptions in their diversity linked to declining health. This analysis highlights their critical contributions and the need to protect microbial balance for sustainable marine environments.