Abstract

Stress and anxiety are prevalent psychological conditions that affect individuals across various demographics and cultures. These conditions are often interlinked, contributing to a complex interplay of physiological and psychological responses. This paper explores the definitions, causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for stress and anxiety. It delves into the biological mechanisms that underpin these conditions, such as the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and the role of neurotransmitters like cortisol and adrenaline. Additionally, the paper examines the impact of external factors such as lifestyle, environmental stressors, and social support systems on the prevalence and intensity of stress and anxiety. Through a review of recent literature, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. The goal is to offer insights into effective management strategies that can improve quality of life for individuals suffering from these conditions

Keywords: Stress, Anxiety, HPA Axis