Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by persistent airflow limitation, primarily caused by smoking, environmental pollutants, and genetic factors. COPD is progressive and associated with exacerbations that significantly affect quality of life and increase healthcare burden. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the management of COPD, highlighting pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, their efficacy, and the importance of personalized care approaches. Pharmacological management includes bronchodilators (beta-agonists, anticholinergics), inhaled corticosteroids, and combination therapies, all targeting symptom relief and exacerbation prevention. Nonpharmacological strategies, including pulmonary rehabilitation, smoking cessation, and oxygen therapy, have shown to improve lung function and quality of life. Recent advances in biologics and novel therapies show promise for individuals with severe disease. A multidisciplinary approach, focusing on patient-centered care, is essential in managing COPD. This review underscores the importance of early diagnosis, adherence to therapy, and regular follow-up in improving outcomes for patients with COPD.