Abstract

Malnutrition, a condition resulting from inadequate or excessive intake of nutrients, remains a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of individuals, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It encompasses both undernutrition (including stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies) and over nutrition (leading to obesity and related chronic diseases). The causes of malnutrition are multifaceted, ranging from food insecurity and poor dietary practices to infections, socioeconomic disparities, and the impacts of climate change. The consequences of malnutrition are profound, affecting physical health, cognitive development, economic productivity, and social wellbeing. Addressing malnutrition requires comprehensive interventions, including improving food access, promoting breastfeeding, micronutrient supplementation, public education, and tackling the root causes of poverty and inequality. This article explores the types, causes, impacts, and potential solutions to malnutrition, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated global efforts to reduce its prevalence and mitigate its long-term effects.