Abstract

Malignant osteoid is a critical feature in the pathology of bone cancers, particularly osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor. The osteoid matrix, when produced by malignant cells, is typically unorganized, excessive, and often histologically distinct from the normal bone matrix. This review delves into the biological mechanisms underpinning malignant osteoid formation and its implications for bone tumor progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. We explore the cellular, molecular, and genetic factors driving osteoid production in malignancy and discuss current and emerging therapies targeting these processes to improve clinical outcomes in patients with bone cancer.