Abstract

This review explores the intricate relationship between malignant neoplasms and overweight/obesity, shedding light on the multifaceted mechanisms and epidemiological evidence linking these conditions. With the global rise in obesity rates, understanding the implications of excess adiposity on cancer development has become paramount. The first section of the review delves into the epidemiological landscape, summarizing key studies that establish a strong association between overweight/obesity and an increased risk of various malignancies. Insights into population-based cohorts and meta-analyses provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse cancer types influenced by adiposity.

Moving beyond the epidemiological aspect, the second section elucidates the biological underpinnings of this association. Intricate pathways involving chronic inflammation, altered adipokine secretion, and insulin resistance are explored, emphasizing how these factors contribute to the initiation and progression of malignancies. Special attention is given to the role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ and its influence on tumor microenvironments. Furthermore, the review discusses the impact of obesity on cancer prognosis and treatment outcomes. Evidence regarding the challenges posed by obesity in cancer management, including altered drug metabolism and increased surgical complications, is synthesized. Novel therapeutic strategies tailored for obese cancer patients are also explored, providing a glimpse into the evolving landscape of personalized medicine. In conclusion, this review underscores the urgent need for public health interventions aimed at mitigating the obesity epidemic to curb the rising incidence of obesity-related cancers. A holistic approach that combines lifestyle modifications, early detection, and innovative therapeutic interventions holds promise in addressing this critical intersection between overweight/obesity and malignant growths.