Abstract

Brackish water habitats, characterized by a mixture of saltwater and freshwater, form one of the most diverse and ecologically significant environments on Earth. These transitional ecosystems are found in estuaries, mangrove swamps, coastal lagoons, and river mouths where freshwater from rivers and streams meets the salty waters of the ocean. Due to their unique composition, brackish water environments support a wide range of specialized species that are adapted to varying salinity levels. The paper explores the ecological dynamics of brackish water habitats, their importance for biodiversity, and the challenges they face due to climate change and human activity. The discussion highlights the role of these ecosystems in supporting marine and terrestrial life, their contribution to carbon sequestration, and their vulnerability to environmental degradation. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated management strategies to preserve brackish water habitats and their biodiversity.