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Hindi Research Article
Leflunomide with Meloxicam on Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis and its Associated Depression in AIA Rats
| Saeed Arayne M1*, Najma Sultana2, Moona Mehboob Khan2 and Shabana Usman Simjee3 | |
| 1Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan | |
| 2Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Pakistan | |
| 3HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan | |
| Corresponding Author : | Saeed Arayne M Professor, Department of Chemistry University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Tel: 92-21-34664402 E-mail: msarayne@gmail.com |
| Received December 13, 2013; Accepted January 14, 2014; Published January 17, 2014 | |
| Citation: Saeed Arayne M, Sultana N, Khan MM, Simjee SU (2014) Leflunomide with Meloxicam on Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis and its Associated Depression in AIA Rats. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 3:114. doi:10.4172/2167-065X.1000114 | |
| Copyright: © 2014 Saeed Arayne M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | |
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which patients not only suffer from joint misery but also face its associated depression.
Objectives: To evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of leflunomide (5 mg.kg-1.day-1) and meloxicam (5 mg.kg-1.day-1) when given together on progression of rheumatoid arthritis and its associated depression in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic (AIA) rats.
Methodology: AIA was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Paw volumes was measured to evaluate arthritic progression while brain indolamines (tryptophan, serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) were estimated by HPLC-EC method to determine associated depression. Leflunomide and meloxicam were given orally and intraperitoneally throughout the experiment.
Results: Leflunomide and meloxicam inhibited RA progression significantly (p<0.005), in terms of joint erythema and limb swelling, when given alone but fail to do so in combination in contrast to untreated or saline-treated arthritic rats. Significant reduction (p<0.005) in all brain indolamines levels was found in all arthritic rats when compared with normal. Furthermore, treatment with leflunomide and meloxicam alone or mutually significantly decrease (p<0.005) brain indolamines level in comparison with untreated or saline-treated arthritic rats.
Conclusion: Leflunomide and meloxicam though reduces RA progression when given alone but in combined therapy produce severe adverse effect. Depression is prominent with RA and therapy with leflunomide and meloxicam exaggerate the conditions.
