Abstract

Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, significantly impacting public health. This condition is primarily influenced by several critical risk factors, including high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity. Each of these factors contributes to the development and progression of IHD by promoting atherosclerosis and other detrimental cardiovascular changes. Effective management and prevention of IHD involve a multifaceted approach, encompassing lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased physical activity, and smoking cessation. Additionally, pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of IHD and reducing the risk of severe complications. Understanding and addressing these risk factors are essential for improving cardiovascular health outcomes and reducing the global burden of IHD.