Abstract

Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, results from reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to coronary artery disease. This comprehensive overview examines the pathophysiology of IHD, focusing on the underlying mechanisms of coronary artery obstruction, ischemia, and myocardial infarction. The paper reviews the latest advancements in diagnostic approaches, including non-invasive imaging techniques, biomarkers, and stress testing. It further explores contemporary treatment strategies encompassing lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and interventional procedures such as percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass grafting. By integrating recent research findings and clinical guidelines, this overview aims to provide a detailed understanding of IHD, highlighting the importance of early detection, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing management to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.