Abstract

An enriched environment not only supports development but also exerts a profound influence on behavior and neuronal circuits across the lifespan. Research indicates that employing environmental enrichment (EE) can serve as a crucial tool, either independently or in conjunction with conventional treatments, to ameliorate psychiatric and neurological symptoms, particularly in conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Given the complex pathophysiology of both disorders and the persisting inadequacy of available treatments, EE emerges as a promising avenue for intervention.

Numerous studies utilizing experimental models underscore the significant positive impact of EE on behavioral modulation. Furthermore, EE exhibits substantial effects on neurobiology, encompassing enhancements in synaptic connections and neuroplasticity, modulation of neurotransmission, reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress, and other neurobiological phenomena integral to the pathophysiology of MDD and ASD. This review seeks to delineate the prominent behavioral and neurobiological effects associated with EE in the context of MDD and ASD