Abstract

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common form of breast cancer, presenting significant challenges in treatment due to its potential for metastasis and resistance to standard therapies. While traditional approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy have improved survival rates, emerging therapies are transforming the landscape of IDC management. This review explores novel treatments, including immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and next-generation HER2-targeting agents, highlighting their mechanisms of action and clinical benefits. Additionally, advancements in genomic profiling and personalized medicine are guiding more targeted treatment strategies. Future directions in IDC research focus on overcoming therapy resistance, exploiting the tumor microenvironment, and applying gene-editing technologies like CRISPR to further improve patient outcomes. With these innovations, IDC treatment is becoming increasingly precise and individualized, offering new hope for improving survival and quality of life for breast cancer patients.