Abstract

Intracranial atherosclerosis is a major contributor to ischemic stroke, characterized by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques within the walls of intracranial arteries. The progression of this condition can lead to advanced intracranial stenosis, significantly increasing the risk of stroke. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intravascular ultrasound are pivotal in the diagnosis of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques, enabling precise detection and assessment of the disease. Symptoms of intracranial atherosclerosis-induced stroke typically include facial weakness, unilateral numbness of the arm or leg, and slurred speech. Management strategies focus on lowering cholesterol levels and controlling blood pressure through medication to mitigate stroke risk and improve patient outcomes. This review highlights the mechanisms, diagnostic methods, symptomatic presentation, and therapeutic approaches related to intracranial atherosclerosis and its role in ischemic stroke.