Abstract

Insulin therapy is a cornerstone of diabetes management, particularly for individuals with type 1 diabetes and advanced type 2 diabetes. Over the years, innovations in insulin delivery systems have significantly transformed how patients manage their condition. Among these advancements, smart insulin pens have emerged as a promising tool that enhances the accuracy and convenience of insulin administration. This article reviews the latest innovations in insulin therapy, including smart pens and other emerging technologies, their impact on patient outcomes, and future directions in insulin delivery.

Keywords: Insulin Therapy; Smart Insulin Pens; Diabetes Manage- ment; Continuous Glucose Monitors; Glycemic Control; Wearable De- vices; Artificial Pancreas; Inhalable Insulin; Patient Engagement