Abstract

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) play a crucial role in the body’s immune surveillance by providing the first line of defense against pathogens at mucosal surfaces. This article reviews the structure, function, and immunological significance of MALT, including gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). We explore the mechanisms by which MALT detects and responds to antigens, the cellular components involved, and the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in these tissues. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of MALT function in health and disease, highlighting recent advances in our understanding of its role in immune regulation and potential therapeutic applications.