Abstract

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, is characterized by the buildup of plaque within arterial walls, leading to reduced blood flow and increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. Traditional treatments, including statins and lifestyle interventions, have been effective but are often insufficient in halting or reversing disease progression. Recent advancements in pharmacological therapies offer promising new avenues for more targeted and comprehensive management of atherosclerosis. This review explores innovative drug therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, and lipid-lowering therapies that target beyond cholesterol, such as bempedoic acid and inclisiran. Additionally, the role of novel agents like monoclonal antibodies and RNA-based therapies in addressing inflammation and plaque stabilization are discussed. These cutting-edge treatments, along with combination therapies, present a potential paradigm shift in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, improving patient outcomes. The paper also highlights challenges in clinical implementation, such as long-term safety, cost-effectiveness, and patient compliance, while emphasizing the need for personalized treatment strategies. Understanding these emerging pharmacological approaches may reshape the landscape of cardiovascular disease management, offering hope for improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced cardiovascular events.