Abstract

Innovative functional nucleic acids, including aptamers, DNAEzymes, and RNA interference, have emerged as powerful tools in the rapid detection and prevention of infectious diseases. These nucleic acids offer high specificity and sensitivity for pathogen identification, enabling early diagnosis and timely intervention. Additionally, their programmable nature allows for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, such as targeted antimicrobial therapies and vaccine enhancement. This review highlights recent advancements in the design and application of functional nucleic acids, discusses their mechanisms of action, and explores their potential in transforming infectious disease management.