Abstract

Heat stress in livestock is a growing concern for animal health, productivity, and welfare, particularly in the face of climate change and rising global temperatures. The physiological impacts of heat stress, such as reduced feed intake, impaired reproductive performance, and increased susceptibility to diseases, can lead to significant economic losses in livestock production systems. As climate extremes intensify, innovative approaches are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress and ensure the sustainability of livestock farming. This paper explores cutting-edge strategies to combat heat stress in livestock, including genetic selection for heat-tolerant breeds, advancements in livestock management practices, and technological innovations aimed at improving animal comfort. Additionally, the role of environmental modifications such as cooling systems, shade structures, and climate-controlled housing is examined. Nutritional strategies, including the formulation of heat-stress-specific diets and supplementation, are also discussed as vital tools in reducing the physiological burden of heat stress. Furthermore, the integration of digital technologies, such as sensors and real-time monitoring systems, enables better management and early detection of heat stress, leading to more targeted interventions. By adopting a combination of these innovative approaches, livestock producers can enhance animal welfare, improve productivity, and promote the resilience of livestock farming systems in the face of escalating environmental challenges.