Abstract

Innovations in analytical methods for pharmaceuticals have significantly advanced drug development, formulation, and quality control processes. This abstract explores key innovations in analytical techniques, including spectroscopic methods, chromatography, and imaging technologies. Spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS) offer insights into molecular structures, functional groups, and chemical compositions of pharmaceutical compounds. Chromatographic techniques, particularly high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC), enable precise separation and quantification of drug substances and impurities. Additionally, advancements in imaging technologies, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and near-infrared (NIR) imaging, facilitate the analysis of solid-state properties and spatial distribution of drugs within dosage forms.