Abstract

Microbiome research has bloomed over the past few years. Stemming from this field of study has emerged the concept of probiotics and its application in advancing human health. Several links between gut flora, mental health and cognitive processes have been brought to light recently. It has been established that such associations take place due bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiome and central nervous system. However, the exact mechanisms through which microorganisms in the gut influence cognitive processes such as learning and memory are yet to be thoroughly understood. Metabolites like short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and neurotransmitters, released by microorganisms in the gut have found to influence neuro cognitive conditions. As a consequence of this interrelationship, researchers believe environmental toxins that disrupt the gut likewise may affect cognition. This review strives to provide a comprehensive understanding of existing literature on metabolites and mechanisms by which a healthy, balanced gut microbiota can impact memory processes and its disruption by various environmental toxins.

Keywords: Gut microbiome; Memory; SCFAs; Neurotransmitters; Toxins