Abstract

In vitro toxicology refers to the study of the toxic effects of substances on living organisms using laboratory-based models, typically involving cells or tissues outside their natural biological context. Unlike traditional animal-based studies, in vitro toxicology offers several advantages, including reduced ethical concerns, lower costs, and the ability to perform high-throughput screening of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. This article provides an overview of in vitro toxicology, exploring the methods, models, and techniques used to assess the toxicity of substances. It also discusses the applications of in vitro toxicology in drug development, environmental safety, and regulatory testing, as well as the limitations and challenges faced by the field. Finally, the article highlights future trends in in vitro toxicology, including advancements in organ-on-a-chip technology and the integration of multi-omics data.