Abstract

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, necessitating the continuous development of innovative diagnostic approaches to improve early detection and patient outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements in lung cancer diagnosis, encompassing a wide range of diagnostic modalities and techniques. We discuss the significance of early detection and its impact on prognosis, emphasizing the role of imaging modalities, biomarker discovery, and liquid biopsies. Furthermore, we delve into the emerging field of precision medicine and its implications for personalized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. Challenges and future directions in lung cancer diagnosis are also addressed. This review aims to provide a holistic understanding of the current state of lung cancer diagnosis and guide further research efforts in this critical area of oncology.