Abstract

Dental implants' long-term clinical performance is correlated with their early Osseo integration. The interactions of biological fluids, cells, tissues, and implant surfaces are examined in this study through a variety of procedures. Immediately following insertion, implants come into touch with blood proteins and platelets. Mesenchymal stem cell growth will then be necessary for the peri-implant tissue to recover. The chemistry and roughness of the surface play a crucial role in these biological interactions. Physical and chemical characteristics in the nanoscale range may eventually control protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and differentiation. Nanotechnologies are increasingly being used to alter the surfaces of dental implants.