Abstract

Genetic variability significantly influences drug response in cancer therapy, affecting both efficacy and toxicity. This review explores recent findings on how genetic differences impact the metabolism, effectiveness, and safety of cancer treatments. Key genetic markers, such as polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP450, UGT1A1) and drug targets (e.g., EGFR, KRAS), are discussed in relation to their clinical implications. Advances in pharmacogenomics have provided insights into optimizing treatment strategies and minimizing adverse effects through personalized medicine approaches. The integration of genetic information into clinical practice holds promise for enhancing patient outcomes and tailoring cancer therapies to individual genetic profiles