Abstract

The impact of dietary interventions on gut microbiota composition and immune health has emerged as a significant area of research, with profound implications for human health and disease. This review explores current insights into how dietary factors influence gut microbiota composition and subsequently modulate immune responses. Diet plays a pivotal role in shaping the diversity and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. Specific dietary components, such as fiber, prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols, interact with microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract, influencing microbial composition and function. These interactions contribute to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), modulation of mucosal immune responses, and regulation of systemic inflammation. The composition of gut microbiota, in turn, influences immune health through various mechanisms. Commensal microorganisms interact with intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells, promoting immune tolerance, enhancing barrier integrity, and modulating immune signaling pathways. Dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, has been associated with immune-related disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases, allergies, and autoimmune conditions. Strategic dietary interventions have shown promise in promoting a balanced gut microbiota and improving immune function.