Abstract

Hydrometallurgy is a crucial branch of extractive metallurgy that utilizes aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores and concentrates. This article provides an in-depth exploration of hydrometallurgical processes, including leaching, solvent extraction, precipitation, and electrowinning. Key topics include the principles underlying hydrometallurgical methods, technological advancements, environmental considerations, and applications in various industries. The discussion highlights the efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability of hydrometallurgy in meeting global demand for metals while minimizing environmental impact.