Abstract

Obesity is a growing concern globally, with significant implications for various health conditions, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review explores the current landscape of pharmacotherapy for obesity in adults with pre-existing CKD. The aim is to assess the safety and efficacy of available interventions in this specific population. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies and trials published up to the knowledge cutoff date in January 2022. The inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews evaluating pharmacotherapeutic interventions for obesity in adults with CKD. Several pharmacological agents have been investigated for their potential in managing obesity in CKD patients. The review discusses the impact of medications such as orlistat, liraglutide, and phentermine-topiramate on weight reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, and renal function. Special attention is given to potential adverse effects and drug interactions in individuals with CKD. While some studies indicate positive outcomes in terms of weight loss and metabolic improvements, the overall evidence base is limited. The heterogeneity of study designs, small sample sizes, and variations in CKD stages across trials pose challenges in drawing definitive conclusions. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for long-term safety data and emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment approaches considering the complex interplay between obesity and CKD. In conclusion, pharmacotherapy for obesity in adults with CKD is an evolving field with promising yet inconclusive results. Further well-designed studies are warranted to establish the safety and efficacy of specific agents in this population, considering the unique challenges posed by CKD. The integration of pharmacological interventions into a comprehensive care approach tailored to the individual patient’s needs is crucial for addressing the dual burden of obesity and CKD.