Abstract

Potassium homeostasis is critical for maintaining cellular function and overall physiological balance in the human body. This review explores the intricate mechanisms involved in the regulation of potassium levels, spanning from its absorption in the gut to its excretion by the kidneys. Key physiological processes such as cellular uptake via potassium channels, distribution in various body compartments, and the role of hormones like aldosterone and insulin are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the pathophysiological implications of potassium Dysregulation, including hyperkalemia and hypokalemia, are examined with a focus on their clinical manifestations and management strategies. Understanding the complex interplay of factors governing potassium homeostasis is essential for managing electrolyte disturbances and optimizing patient care across diverse medical conditions.