Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a global health concern that not only affects the immune system but also poses significant challenges to neurological health. When coupled with alcohol misuse, HIV-1 infection can exacerbate neurodegeneration and lead to neurocognitive impairment. This review explores the intricate interplay between HIV-1 infection and alcohol misuse, delving into the underlying causes of neurodegeneration and the subsequent development of neurocognitive impairments. We examine the synergistic effects of these two factors on the central nervous system, shedding light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the observed neuropathological changes. Furthermore, we discuss current treatment options and potential therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of HIV-1 infection with alcohol misuse on the neurological system. Understanding the complex relationship between HIV-1 infection, alcohol misuse, and neurodegeneration is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this dual burden.