Abstract

Polyamines, a class of small organic molecules containing multiple amine groups, are ubiquitous and indispensable in cellular processes across various life forms. This article explores the intricate roles of polyamines in human health, shedding light on their impact on diverse physiological functions. Derived from amino acids and present in many foods, polyamines like putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are essential for cell growth, proliferation, and tissue repair. Notably, spermidine exhibits neuroprotective effects by fostering autophagy, a cellular process crucial for preventing neurodegenerative disorders. Beyond cellular health, polyamines contribute to cardiovascular well-being by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Their modulation of immune responses showcases their immunomodulatory potential. Additionally, polyamines influence the gut microbiota, connecting them to metabolic health and immunity. Acting as antioxidants, they shield cells from oxidative damage. Emerging research even suggests polyamines might influence aging processes, potentially extending lifespan. In conclusion, these unassuming molecules have a profound impact on human health, making them a subject of increasing interest for their potential contributions to various aspects of well-being. Further research is needed to fully comprehend the intricate mechanisms underlying their effects and to harness their benefits effectively.