Abstract

Head and neck surgery has undergone significant transformations in recent years, driven by innovations in surgical techniques, technological tools, and a deeper understanding of molecular and genetic factors. This comprehensive review explores the forefront of progress within the field, focusing on minimally invasive approaches, precision medicine, and cutting-edge technologies that have reshaped the landscape of head and neck surgical practice. The article highlights the rise of minimally invasive procedures, including endoscopic and robotic-assisted surgeries, offering improved patient outcomes and reduced recovery times. Moreover, the integration of precision medicine, with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, has personalized treatment strategies for head and neck cancer patients. The role of advanced imaging modalities, such as 3D CT and MRI, as well as surgical robotics, is examined for their transformative impact on preoperative planning and intraoperative precision. The review also delves into emerging trends like sentinel lymph node biopsy and 3D printing technology, showcasing their potential in refining diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. While celebrating these advancements, the abstract acknowledges the challenges associated with the adoption of new technologies and emphasizes the need for ongoing research to address these hurdles. Ultimately, this comprehensive review provides a thorough examination of the recent strides in head and neck surgery, offering insights into the evolving landscape and envisioning a future marked by enhanced patient care and surgical excellence.