Abstract

The corneal endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining the transparency and clarity of the cornea, essential for optimal visual acuity. This review delves into the intricate functions of the corneal endothelium, exploring its physiology, regulatory mechanisms, and the challenges it faces in maintaining corneal homeostasis. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the mysteries surrounding the regeneration and repair processes of the corneal endothelium, shedding light on the cellular dynamics involved. The second part of this abstract shifts focus to corneal endothelial transplantation, a critical intervention for restoring vision in patients with endothelial dysfunction. A comprehensive overview of available transplantation techniques, including Descemet's Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) and Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK), is provided. The abstract highlights recent advancements and emerging technologies in the field, aiming to improve transplantation outcomes and expand donor pool accessibility. In summary, this abstract encapsulates the multifaceted aspects of corneal endothelium function, addressing both physiological intricacies and advancements in transplantation methodologies. The unraveling of these mysteries is crucial for enhancing our understanding of corneal health, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.