Abstract

Groundwater and surface water systems are interconnected components of the hydrological cycle, influencing each other's dynamics and overall water resource management. This paper explores the nature of groundwater and its interactions with surface water systems, highlighting key processes such as recharge, discharge, and hydraulic connectivity. Groundwater contributes to surface water bodies through baseflow, while surface water can recharge aquifers through infiltration. The exchange of water quality between these systems impacts both ecosystem health and water usability. The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding these interactions for sustainable water resource management, pollution control, and ecosystem preservation. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges posed by climate change and the need for integrated management strategies to ensure the resilience and sustainability of water resources.