Abstract

Graphene-based multifunctional nanosystems have emerged as promising tools in the field of breast cancer detection and therapy. Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the development of innovative approaches to enhance early diagnosis and effective treatment. Graphene, with its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties, offers a unique platform for the design of multifunctional nanosystems that can simultaneously detect and combat breast cancer. This review explores the recent advances in graphenebased nanosystems designed for breast cancer applications. It discusses the utilization of graphene’s superior properties for enhanced imaging and diagnosis, focusing on early-stage detection through the integration of various imaging modalities. Additionally, the review covers the integration of therapeutic agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs, gene therapies, and photothermal agents onto graphene-based nanocarriers, showcasing their potential for targeted therapy and minimizing off-target effects. The multifunctional nature of these nanosystems allows for the development of personalized and precision medicine approaches tailored to the specific characteristics of each patient’s breast cancer. Furthermore, the review highlights the challenges and prospects associated with graphenebased nanosystems, including biocompatibility, safety, and scalability.