Abstract

Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering that focuses on the study and application of soil and rock mechanics to design and construct safe and efficient foundations, slopes, embankments, and other geotechnical systems. This field integrates principles from geology, physics, and engineering to address challenges related to the behavior of materials beneath the Earth's surface. Geotechnical engineers play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and safety of infrastructure projects. This article explores the core concepts of geotechnical engineering, its primary applications, and recent advancements that influence its future. The importance of site investigation, soil testing, and environmental considerations are also discussed.