Abstract

Diseases evolve side by side with human evolution and play significant role in health. Along with the societal and technological development, mankind also faces great challenges in health sector. One of these challenges is the changes in disease manifestation, its cure and obviously its effect on living organisms especially humans, which has worsen as time progresses. Some of the diseases are easily treatable now while other still poses complications. Skin cancer is one of the most common and widespread cancers despite technological and medicinal advancements and demands persistent attention. It is categorized into different types according to its location of origination and usually these cancers do not spread to other body parts. Various environmental and genetic factors contribute in its occurrence, development and metastasis. People with blonde skin tone are at supreme risk to be affected by melanoma. Considering the importance of this disease, the current review concentrates on the various types of skin tumors, its manifestations, the causes behind disease development and treatment. Genetical mutations in somatic cells or at fetus level play major role in its establishment. Furthermore, environmental factors also affect the normal cellular pathways by bringing about the alterations at gene level. Prudent analysis of the genetics may lead to better understanding of the key genes involved in its establishment and thus, the pertinent knowledge can be utilized in designing painless and accurate diagnostic approaches and advanced targeted therapies.

Keywords: Skin cancer; Diagnosis; Treatment; Genetic factors; Metastasis