Abstract

Understanding genetic differentiation among walleye (Sander vitreus) populations is crucial for effective management and conservation efforts. This article explores the application of genetic markers, including microsatellites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), in assessing population structure and gene flow in walleye. Through case studies in the Great Lakes region, river systems, and the impacts of stocking programs, significant insights into the genetic diversity and differentiation of walleye populations are highlighted. The findings underscore the importance of genetic markers in identifying distinct management units, guiding restoration efforts, and informing adaptive management practices. This research emphasizes the critical role of genetic monitoring in the sustainable stewardship of walleye and other aquatic species.