Abstract

Gas chromatography (GC) is an essential analytical technique widely used in pharmaceutical analysis for ensuring the purity, potency, and quality of drug products. GC is particularly effective for the separation and quantification of volatile compounds, including solvents, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and degradation products. This article explores the role of gas chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis, with a focus on its applications in ensuring drug purity and quality. Key components of GC, including the stationary phase, mobile phase, and detection methods, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the article highlights the challenges and advancements in GC technologies, such as the use of capillary columns, tandem GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and headspace sampling. Case studies are provided to illustrate the practical applications of GC in pharmaceutical testing. Finally, we discuss regulatory requirements, standardization, and the growing need for GC in the pharmaceutical industry to meet stringent quality control guidelines