Journal of Community & Public Health Nursing
Open Access

Review Article

Fungi, Bacteria, Nano-particulates, Mycotoxins and Human Health in Water-Damaged Indoor Environments

Jack Dwayne Thrasher^*

Advisory Committee, Chemical Impact Project, Tides Foundation, MillValley, CA, United States

*Corresponding Author:

Jack Dwayne Thrasher, Ph.D
Advisory Committee
Chemical Impact Project
Tides Foundation, MillValley
CA, United States
Tel: 575-937-1150
Fax: 916-827-2520
E-mail: toxicologist1@msn.com

Received date: February 29, 2016 Accepted date: March 03, 2016 Published date: March 10, 2016

Citation: Thrasher JD (2016) Fungi, Bacteria, Nano-particulates, Mycotoxins and Human Health in Water-Damaged Indoor Environments. J Comm Pub Health Nurs 2:115. doi:10.4172/2471-9846.1000115

Copyright: © 2016 Thrasher JD. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Nine types of biocontaminants in damp indoor environments from microbial growth are discussed: (1) indicator molds; (2) Gram negative and positive bacteria; (3) microbial particulates; (4) mycotoxins; (5) volatile organic compounds, both microbial (MVOCs) and non-microbial (VOCs); (6) proteins; (7) galactomannans; (8) 1-3-b-Dglucans (glucans) and (9) lipopolysaccharides LPS (endotoxins). When mold species exceed those outdoors contamination is deduced. However, there are no current recommendations by the EPA, OSHA, NIOSH, WHO and the Medical and Toxicology professions as to what constitutes a safe level of indoor molds and bacteria and their toxins in a water-damaged indoor environment. The thrust of his review is to discuss the role of fungi and their toxins on the health of occupants of damp indoor spaces.

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