Abstract

Biophysics is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of physics to understand the mechanisms underlying biological processes. A central aspect of biophysics involves the use of specialized techniques to study the structure, function, and dynamics of biological systems at the molecular and cellular levels. This manuscript provides an overview of the fundamental biophysical techniques used to investigate biological phenomena, ranging from the analysis of protein folding and molecular interactions to the study of cellular processes and biomechanics. The techniques covered include spectroscopy, microscopy, calorimetry, and molecular simulations, among others. We discuss the principles, applications, and advantages of each method, along with their limitations. This overview aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the tools available to biophysicists and how they contribute to advancing our knowledge of biological systems.