Abstract

Marine ecosystems face significant threats from climate change, pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction. Innovations in technology, particularly satellite imagery and in-situ sensors, have revolutionized our ability to monitor and understand these changes. This article reviews recent advancements in marine monitoring technologies, examining their applications in tracking ecosystem changes and the implications for marine conservation and management. We discuss the strengths and limitations of satellite imagery and in-situ sensors, highlighting how they complement each other to provide comprehensive insights into marine ecosystem health. By integrating these technologies, we can enhance our understanding of marine environmental changes and develop more effective conservation strategies. Future directions in technological advancements and data integration are also explored to ensure the long-term sustainability of marine ecosystems.