Abstract

Ensuring fish health is a cornerstone of sustainable and productive aquaculture systems. Disease outbreaks pose a significant challenge to aquaculture, causing economic losses, environmental harm, and risks to food security. This paper highlights key best practices for disease prevention and treatment in aquaculture, focusing on strategies that promote fish health and minimize the environmental impact of aquaculture operations. Core preventive measures include stringent biosecurity protocols, regular health monitoring, and maintaining optimal environmental conditions to reduce stress and pathogen proliferation. Vaccination programs and the development of disease-resistant fish strains are discussed as long-term solutions to reducing disease prevalence. For treatment, the use of probiotics and targeted antimicrobial therapies is emphasized, alongside efforts to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. Emerging technologies, such as advanced diagnostic tools and data-driven health monitoring systems, are also explored for their potential to enhance early disease detection and effective management. By implementing these best practices, aquaculture can improve productivity, ensure sustainable practices, and meet the growing global demand for seafood.