Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have emerged as promising vehicles for drug delivery due to their natural ability to transport bioactive molecules between cells. This abstract provides an overview of EVs as drug delivery systems, focusing on their interactions with target cells and elucidating their pharmacokinetic characteristics. We discuss the biogenesis and composition of EVs, highlighting their capacity to encapsulate diverse cargoes including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Insights into EV-mediated cellular uptake mechanisms, biodistribution in vivo, and clearance pathways are examined, underscoring their potential applications in improving drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic outcomes across various disease models. The integration of EVs into pharmacological strategies represents a transformative approach towards personalized medicine, offering novel insights and opportunities for targeted therapy development.