Abstract

The human body harbors a vast array of microbial communities, particularly at mucosal surfaces, where interactions between microbiota and the immune system play crucial roles in health and disease. This review explores current understanding of how mucosal membrane microbiota influence immune regulation. Key topics include the composition and diversity of mucosal microbiota, mechanisms of microbial-host interactions, and their impact on immune responses. Special emphasis is placed on implications for therapeutic interventions targeting mucosal microbiota to modulate immune function in various diseases.