Abstract

The human gut microbiota, comprising trillions of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis and overall health. Recent advances in research have highlighted the intricate relationship between gut microbiota composition, immune regulation, and the pathogenesis of various diseases. This article comprehensively reviews the current understanding of how gut microbiota influence immune responses and contribute to the development of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and infections. Additionally, emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota for the treatment and prevention of immune-mediated diseases are discussed.