Abstract

The concept of the exposome, encompassing lifelong environmental exposures, provides a comprehensive framework for understanding individual differences in brain development and cognitive performance during adolescence. This critical period is marked by dynamic neurodevelopmental changes, including the refinement of functional brain networks that underpin cognitive functions. Here, we propose the existence of a universal exposome factor—a composite measure integrating various environmental influences—that contributes to disparities in functional brain network geography and cognitive performance across adolescents. Socioeconomic status, exposure to environmental toxins, and psychosocial stressors are key components of this factor, each exerting distinct impacts on brain network organization and cognitive abilities. Advanced neuroimaging techniques have enabled unprecedented insights into the intricate relationships between exposome factors, brain network architecture, and cognitive outcomes. Longitudinal studies are essential for elucidating how cumulative exposures across the exposome influence neurodevelopmental trajectories. Understanding these relationships has significant implications for public health interventions and policies aimed at promoting optimal cognitive development and reducing disparities among youth. This abstract highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing knowledge of the exposome's role in shaping adolescent brain health and cognition, thereby informing strategies to support neurodevelopmental resilience and equity across diverse populations.