Abstract

Water contamination poses significant environmental and public health challenges worldwide. In response, researchers are increasingly exploring novel strategies that integrate biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches for enhanced water remediation. This abstract focuses on the potential of endophytic microorganisms and nanoparticles in remediation technologies. Endophytic microorganisms, residing within plant tissues, exhibit unique biochemical capabilities that can be harnessed for the degradation and detoxification of various pollutants in water systems. Concurrently, nanoparticles offer versatile tools for pollutant capture and degradation through mechanisms such as adsorption, photo catalysis, and membrane filtration. This review synthesizes current research findings on the applications of Endophytic microorganisms and nanoparticles in water remediation. It discusses their mechanisms of action, effectiveness in pollutant removal, and potential challenges including scalability and environmental implications. Moreover, it examines emerging trends such as hybrid technologies that combine biological agents and for synergistic water treatment solutions. By highlighting these advancements, the abstract underscores the transformative potential of integrating natural and engineered systems to address water pollution challenges sustainably